The Stone Age period involved early men developing techniques and instruments for their most important need which was survival. The first substance that man made use of was stones and grass. Stones were used to light fire and grass was used to enhance the fire.Stone was used extensively to prepare and make weapons like hand axes, awls, spears and knives. Basalt as well as sandstone was used to make weapons and tools like quern stones. The other materials like wood, shell, grass and bones were used to build homes while clay was extensively used for pottery.

The fist visuals of stone tools were seen in Ethiopia and Gona. They then progressed and moved from hunting and plucking fruits to agriculture and farming. Agriculture followed by cultivation of wide variety of crops. Later, the progress was seen in mining as these men began understanding metals like silver, copper and bronze.